// refs.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;

int main() {

  int A = 1;       // declare and define A
  int B = 2;       // declare and define next memory location after A
  int *p = &A;     // p points to A
  int &refA = A;   // alias (reference) for A
  *p = 3;          // *p points to A, so A is assigned 3

  cout << "initially:      ";
  cout << " A=" << A << " p=" << p << " *p=" << *p << " refA=" << refA;
  cout << " &A=" << &A << " &p=" << &p << " &refA=" << &refA;
  cout << endl;

  A = *p + 1;      // A is assigned value of *p=7 plus 1
  cout << "after A=*p+1:   ";
  cout << " A=" << A << " p=" << p << " *p=" << *p << " refA=" << refA;
  cout << " &A=" << &A << " &p=" << &p << " &refA=" << &refA;
  cout << endl;

  A = refA + 1;      // A is assigned value of refA=7 plus 1
  cout << "after A=refA+1: ";
  cout << " A=" << A << " p=" << p << " *p=" << *p << " refA=" << refA;
  cout << " &A=" << &A << " &p=" << &p << " &refA=" << &refA;
  cout << endl;

  A++;
  cout << "after A++       ";
  cout << " A=" << A << " p=" << p << " *p=" << *p << " refA=" << refA;
  cout << " &A=" << &A << " &p=" << &p << " &refA=" << &refA;
  cout << endl;

  p++;
  cout << "after p++       ";
  cout << " A=" << A << " p=" << p << " *p=" << *p << " refA=" << refA;
  cout << " &A=" << &A << " &p=" << &p << " &refA=" << &refA;
  cout << endl;

  refA++;
  cout << "after refA++    ";
  cout << " A=" << A << " p=" << p << " *p=" << *p << " refA=" << refA;
  cout << " &A=" << &A << " &p=" << &p << " &refA=" << &refA;
  cout << endl;

}