CIS 15 Exam 2 Review For practice, turn to the back of the chapters and perform selected exercises. Chapter 11: Abstract Data Types and structures abstract data types structure definition and initializing structures accessing structure members with the DOT operator (.) strings and arrays in structures arrays of structures nested structures structures as function parameters - passing a structure by value vs. passing by reference returning a structure from a function pointers to structures, the memory access operator -> and dereferencing a pointer dynamic allocation of a new structure variable, and of a structure array unions enumerated types Chapter 12: Advanced File Pointers file fstream type ifstream and ofstream types opening files; access flags confirming successful file open << and >> operators; getline(), get(), and put() binary files vs. character/text files parameters for read() and write() methods purpose of reinterpret_cast connection between structures and binary records Chapter 13: Introduction to Classes encapsulation data hiding reusability object, class access specifiers: public and private const member functions definition of member functions (outside class declaration) scoping operator accessors and mutators using header and implementation files inline member functions constructors and destructors overloading constructors; default arguments and constructors classes and responsibilities