The following source code shows how to make paragraph-related changes:
\documentclass{article}
% Imported packages:
\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url} % Special hyperref package option that breaks long links across several lines.
\usepackage{hyperref} % For hyperlinks (e.g., \url{})
%-----------------------------------------
% Changing Document Settings:
\setlength{\parskip}{10pt} % Set the space between paragraphs to 10pt.
\setlength\parindent{0pt} % Eliminating paragraph indentation.
\hypersetup{ % Change of hyperlink colors
colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=blue,
filecolor=blue,
urlcolor=blue,
}
\begin{document}
This code example contains commands for changing paragraph-related settings.
\textbf{Note}: For each of the below, there may be more than one way in \LaTeX\ to achieve the shown changes.
\hrulefill
To start text on a new line (that is, to begin a paragraph,) leave an empty line between the current and the previous paragraph:
\begin{verbatim}
This is the 1st paragraph
This is the 2nd paragraph
\end{verbatim}
Result:
This is the 1st paragraph
This is the 2nd paragraph
\hrulefill
Note that
\begin{verbatim}
This is the 1st paragraph
This is the 2nd paragraph
\end{verbatim}
results in:
This is the 1st paragraph
This is the 2nd paragraph
\hrulefill
A way to move text to the next line is to use the command
\begin{verbatim}
\\
\end{verbatim}
as in
\begin{verbatim}
This is the 1st paragraph\\This is the 2nd paragraph
\end{verbatim}
to get:
This is the 1st paragraph\\This is the 2nd paragraph
\hrulefill
To move to a new page, use the command:
\begin{verbatim}
\newpage
\end{verbatim}
\hrulefill
To create a list of unordered items, use the \texttt{itemize} environment
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{itemize}
\item Apple
\item Banana
\item Cherry
\end{itemize}
\end{verbatim}
to get the bulleted list:
\begin{itemize}
\item Apple
\item Banana
\item Cherry
\end{itemize}
\hrulefill
Here is a nested bulleted list:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{itemize}
\item Fruits
\begin{itemize}
\item Apple
\begin{itemize}
\item Red
\item Green
\begin{itemize}
\item Golden Delicious
\end{itemize}
\item Yellow
\end{itemize}
\item Banana
\item Cherry
\end{itemize}
\item Vegetables
\end{itemize}
\end{verbatim}
to get:
\begin{itemize}
\item Fruits
\begin{itemize}
\item Apple
\begin{itemize}
\item Red
\item Green
\begin{itemize}
\item Golden Delicious
\end{itemize}
\item Yellow
\end{itemize}
\item Banana
\item Cherry
\end{itemize}
\item Vegetables
\end{itemize}
\textbf{Note}: For changing the bullet style, see \url{https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/13463/specifying-bullet-type-when-using-itemize}
\hrulefill
To create a list of ordered items, use the \texttt{enumerate} environment
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{enumerate}
\item First
\item Second
\item Third
\end{enumerate}
\end{verbatim}
to get the numbered list:
\begin{enumerate}
\item First
\item Second
\item Third
\end{enumerate}
\hrulefill
Here is a nested numbered list:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Fruits
\begin{enumerate}
\item Apple
\begin{enumerate}
\item Red
\item Green
\begin{enumerate}
\item Golden Delicious
\end{enumerate}
\item Yellow
\end{enumerate}
\item Banana
\item Cherry
\end{enumerate}
\item Vegetables
\end{enumerate}
\end{verbatim}
to get:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Fruits
\begin{enumerate}
\item Apple
\begin{enumerate}
\item Red
\item Green
\begin{enumerate}
\item Golden Delicious
\end{enumerate}
\item Yellow
\end{enumerate}
\item Banana
\item Cherry
\end{enumerate}
\item Vegetables
\end{enumerate}
\textbf{Note}: For changing the number style, see \url{https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/2291/how-do-i-change-the-enumerate-list-format-to-use-letters-instead-of-the-defaul}
\hrulefill
To indent a line, use
\begin{verbatim}
\hspace{\parindent} Hello World
\end{verbatim}
as in
\hspace{\parindent} Hello World
\hrulefill
To remove indentation before a paragraph, use
\begin{verbatim}
\noindent Hello World
\end{verbatim}
as in
\noindent Hello World
or, to remove indentation from the entire document, add the following code in the preamble:
\begin{verbatim}
\setlength\parindent{0pt}
\end{verbatim}
\hrulefill
To center text, use:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{center}
Hello World
\end{center}
\end{verbatim}
to get
\begin{center}
Hello World
\end{center}
\hrulefill
To right-align text, use:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{flushright}
Hello World
\end{flushright}
\end{verbatim}
to get
\begin{flushright}
Hello World
\end{flushright}
\hrulefill
To put text in a box (= add borders around text,) use:
\begin{verbatim}
\fbox{\parbox{\textwidth}{Hello World}}
\end{verbatim}
to get
\fbox{\parbox{\textwidth}{Hello World}}
or
\begin{verbatim}
\fbox{Hello World}
\end{verbatim}
to get
\fbox{Hello World}
\hrulefill
For our class, you won't need to change indentation, right-align text, or use borders.
\end{document}