By drawing the graph of the function on the coordinate plane (= a 2D surface whose horizontal dimension stands for $x$ and the vertical dimension stands for $f(x) = y$.)
Each of the points in the function is plotted (marked) on the graph as a dot (if the function is discrete) or as a solid line or curve (if the function is continuous.)
You can plot multiple functions on the same plane (and use this to compare the graphs of the functions, e.g., which function grows faster.)
The $\LaTeX$ code for the creation of the graph on this slide is listed on the next slide.