Visualization of Probability Tools

The study of discrete probability often begins with familiar random devices such as a six-sided die and a two-sided coin:

• A standard die (plural: dice) is a cube with $6$ faces numbered $1$ through $6$, each assumed equally likely when the die is fair, which means we can roll any of these numbers with equal chance.
• A fair coin has two sides — heads and tails — each occurring with the same chance when the coin is flipped.

These simple tools help us model more complex random systems, including multi-step processes and compound events.

By using these basic tools, we build an intuition for how to define probability models and calculate event probabilities.

In the slides ahead, we'll use dice and coins to illustrate essential concepts like experiments, outcomes, sample spaces, and events.