Each edge contains a numerical weight. For example, the edge between $1$ and $2$ has the weight of $5$. Miriam Briskman, CC BY-NC 4.0.
\documentclass[border=1pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset{
vertex/.style={draw, circle, very thick, minimum size=1cm},
edge/.style={very thick}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[vertex] (v1) at (0,0) {$1$};
\node[vertex] (v2) at (4,0) {$2$};
\node[vertex] (v3) at (2,3) {$3$};
\draw[edge] (v1) -- node[above] {$5$} (v2);
\draw[edge] (v1) -- node[left] {$2$} (v3);
\draw[edge] (v2) -- node[right] {$7$} (v3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}