Circuits

In the last topic, we've found out how to create logic gates, which are tiny circuits made up of Transistors. This topic will introduce us to larger circuits, the purpose of each is to perform an important work inside a computer.

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To increase portability and material utilization, manufacturers don't sell logic gates as individual devices. Instead, logic gates are sold in groups on top of chips called Integrated Circuits or ICs.

The logic gates present in ICs are usually NAND gates, which, as we learned in Topic 3, are universal gates and can be used to create any other type of gate you want.

Integrated Circuits range from Small-Scale Integration (SSI) models, which contain only a few logic gates on them, to Ultra-Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) models containing billions of logic gates on them.