Pipelining: Challenges and Solutions

Data dependencies occur when one instruction relies on the result of a previous instruction, creating a dependency.

If the dependent instruction is processed before the first instruction completes, it may lead to incorrect results.

This type of hazard is common in arithmetic and logic operations where one result is needed by the next instruction.

A common solution is data forwarding, where the result is sent directly from one stage to another without waiting for the cycle to complete.

Another technique is stalling, where the CPU temporarily pauses the pipeline until the required data is available, ensuring accurate calculations.