When any electronic device is working, as part of performing its duty, it may emit energy, which could be vibration, sound, electro-magnetic signals, radiation, etc.
The frequncy, magnitude, duration, and pattern of such emission may reveal what type of activity this device is engaging in, e.g., when the emission continues for 2 hours non stop at a high magnitude, we can infer that the device is busy on one very long and resource-consuming task.
What's more, when an attacker knows what the device type, make, model, etc. is, with enough observation time (and, of course, with suitable hacking equipment/exploits,) he or she can learn deeper details about what the device is doing, including specific, sensitive data that the device processes at that moment.
These notes by Miriam Briskman are licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 and based on sources.