App Vulnerabilities + Controls

Let's discuss some general app vulnerabilities:

1. Buffer Overflow: A buffer is a synonym of an array. Some lower-level languages, such as C and C++, don't check whether the programmer exceeds the boundaries of the defined array. That is, a programmer can flawlessly access a memory location beyond the array that the programmer declared. This situation is called a buffer overflow.
   
   Example: The program at BufferOverflow.c introduces a buffer overflow.
   Question: on which code line does the overflow occur?
   
   You can compile this program on any device by typing:
   gcc -o BufferOverflow BufferOverflow.c
   in the command prompt / terminal, and then execute it by typing:
   ./BufferOverflow (on a Mac/Linux computer,) or: BufferOverflow.exe on a Windows computer.